I used to deal with asbestos removal. All the different sorts were
considered equally hazardous.
It is not.
As it's a carcinogen, in theory a
single fibre can give you lung cancer. So any level set is arbitary.
So can anything inhaled.
1 - Sub-micron
Anything sub-micron inhaled is never evacuated from the lungs by swept
volume, it becomes permanent. In this way completely innocuous
materials may become lodged and cause local immunological response. T-
cells attack perfectly healthy cells, releasing toxic chemicals
(common characteristic odour of bcc or scc) or causing damage to other
cells which are "cancer seeds" but do not yet replicate until some
future trigger.
2 - Dust
Dust is The Major Carrier for viruses in microscopic moisture droplets
on their surface. Such viruses invade cells and can cause cancer
directly or indirectly (cancer seeding) and only later become
malignant.
3 - Particulates
Particulates are carriers for carcinogens such as once-lead, Benzene,
MTBE etc. Whilst the particles may be swept back out of the lung,
their carried contaminants are often absorbed into mucous linings.
Here they cause cellular damage and if toxic cancer seeding. Some
chemicals cause cancer directly, an example would be airborne arsenic.
Like radioactivity the body is likely to handle all of this - until a
certain threshold is exceeded, which may like radioactivity be non-
linear. Additionally some people may be pre-disposed to certain cancer
types by their immune system or generic makeup.
So, anything inhaled can cause lung cancer, anything that is retained
is more likely to.
- An innocuous MDF particle causing it via immune system response.
- A toxic Iroko wood particle causing it via local toxicity.
Asbestos actually comprises two distinct mineral types.
Chrysotile
- White asbestos, is actually a form of serpentine
- Short fibes, used in asbestos-cement products
- Dissolves readily in lung tissue (2-12 months)
- Treat as with any other inhaled dust (all dust is harmful, be it
household, diesel particulates, MDF or hardwood such as Iroko cutting)
Crocidolite
- blue/brown asbestos from amphibole group of minerals with completely
different crystal structures and chemical properties.
- Very long fibres, used in lagging, bulk insulation & fabric
- Does not dissolve in lungs, permanent, causes mesothelioma
The problem is we can not go for a sterile world, because immune
systems actually require "dosing" in order to maintain their primed
effectiveness. We can however wear a face mask etc to prevent exposure
to dust of risk.
If asbestos is suspected...
- Identify - Insurers prefer independent testing, Chrysotile is
however often labelled on the sheeting
- Removal if necessary - Insurers work to H&S guidelines, as well as
their own expert advice.
- Prosecution of fake claims - Contractors have been known to
"woodwork from pocket" and submit £27,000 claims for asbestos not
present, classic being integral garage with asbestos sheet roofing
(often it is other fire board or is chrysotile).
DIY removal if Chrysotile
It is perfectly legal and appropriate to remove Chrysotile subject to
competency.
1 - it is correctly identified as such.
2 - appropriate mask, bunny-suit, wetting &/or latex paint is applied
to its surface.
3 - CORRECT means of removal are employed, which means bolt croppers
to cut fasteners (not angle grinder), and absolutely avoid shattering
or breaking of sheets (people used to be too blaze over this).
4 - it is disposed of *as specified* by the disposal site (typically
you must take 1 piece to a certain site on a certain day of the week,
everything must be taped and double bagged).
5 - it must not be tipped into domestic waste disposal (due to recycle
processing of domestic waste).
Tommy Walsh dismantled a chrysotile garage on TV.
This was one of the most difficult ones, because it was wood frame
which requires difficult cutting. The more common L-angle steel framed
garages use J-bolts to hold roof sheets on, and conventional fasteners
for the siding. The J-bolts are cut with any Ebay bolt cropper, the
side fasteners are best cut with an angle grinder gently abrading the
fastener from the steel L-angle side (and not the outer chrysotile
side). Before doing so it is essential to at least wet the structure,
and before that ideally gloss or masonry paint any existing cracks or
breakages (which should be basic maintenance anyway). Grinding disc
dust can be a strong irritant and if inhaled as far as the lungs is
just like any other particulate.
Many problems only occur from accumulation.
Classic being working with cement or epoxy without problem, only for a
sudden dermatological blowup.
So always wear a highly rated mask when working even if DIY and
particularly in a trade.
His only exposure to asbestos was helping his dad to build a cubby for
him as a kid.
No, he was walking in it, probably climbing it, and may have been
exposed to it industrially where he lived and have a genetic
predisposition to mesothelioma. Of course his dad may have sawn,
drilled & hammered the stuff - leaving dust around the place for
months on end since it does not magically decompose.
Contrast with miners and consider my point about any sub-micron
particle is "in the lungs, in the lungs for life".
The EPA did stacks of research on this, quickly shunted across to NASA
and made restricted for reasons of national security around the Cat
Convertor EPA work. The reason is every car maker, petrol station,
industrial process could not operate. One reason they wanted
particulate scrubbers, diesel soot particles are worse because they
are an idea vehicle for carcinogenic carriage as well as their small
size.
So, wear the masks whenever working in fine dust - never mind
"asbestos".